Lecture outline
Speech mechanism
Speech organs

Lecture outline
The concept of articulation
Active and passive articulators
The main places of articulation for consonant
sounds

Lecture outline
The articulation of vowels
Suprasegmentals
Exercises

Recap
Phonology is the description of the systems
and patterns of sounds that occur in a
language.
Phonemes and Allophones
Transcription of consonants
Transcription of vowels

Introduction
Phonetics is not just about learning how to
transcribe.
Phoneticians look for sounds that create
meaning differences.
Do not describe every movement of the vocal
organs.
E.g. [t] in ‘tie’ might be pronounced with tip or
blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge.

Recap
Phonology
Phonemes vs. allophones
Stops and fricatives
Affricates
Nasals and approximants

Recap
Consonants and vowels
Places of articulation
Manners of articulation
Stops = there is complete blockage of both the
oral and nasal cavities of the vocal tract, and
therefore no air flow.

Recap
Places of articulation
Manner of articulation
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates

Recap
Stops and fricatives
Nasals?
Nasal plosion
Approximants?