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vowels (including )
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ʌ up muck click for mp3 |
aː hard calm click for mp3 |
æ cat flagellate click for mp3 |
ə away dictator click for mp3 |
ɛ head emperor click for mp3 |
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ɜː learn herbal click for mp3 |
ɪ six imp click for mp3 |
iː see evil click for mp3 |
ɒ hot oxymoron click for mp3 |
ɔː call awesome click for mp3 |
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ʊ wood whoops! click for mp3 |
uː you moody click for mp3 |
aɪ I irate click for mp3 |
aʊ ow! spout click for mp3 |
oʊ əʊ go Mona Lisa click for mp3 |
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eə air wary click for mp3 |
eɪ say alien click for mp3 |
ɪə ear happier click for mp3 |
ɔɪ oil spoilt brat click for mp3 |
ʊə tour demur click for mp3 |
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b baby bonanza click for mp3 |
d did dilettante click for mp3 |
f fish fife click for mp3 |
g gift glimmer click for mp3 |
h hello hell-raiser click for mp3 |
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j yes younger click for mp3 |
k back capitulate click for mp3 |
l leg legerdemain click for mp3 |
m lemon manipulate click for mp3 |
n no notorious click for mp3 |
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ŋ sing humdinger click for mp3 |
p pet peculiar click for mp3 |
r red resistance click for mp3 |
s sun sucker click for mp3 |
∫ she splash click for mp3 |
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t tea telemetry click for mp3 |
t∫ chess childish click for mp3 |
θ think theory click for mp3 |
ð mother themselves click for mp3 |
v voice vex click for mp3 |
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w we sweltering click for mp3 |
z zoo sneeze click for mp3 |
ʒ pleasure measured click for mp3 |
dʒ gym jamboree click for mp3 |
additional sounds,
including those imported from other languages
|
ɑ bâtiment [Fr.: building] pâte [Fr.: pastry] click for mp3 |
ɑː barn father click for mp3 |
a mari [Fr.: husband] patte [Fr.: foot, paw] click for mp3 |
(ə) beaten button click for mp3 [7] |
e pet bébé [Fr.: baby] click for mp3 |
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ɜː yurt bird click for mp3 |
eː |
ɛː Führe [Ger.: load] click for mp3 |
ɔ boeuf [Fr.: beef] leur [Fr.: their] click for mp3 |
oː Sohn [Ger.: son] click for mp3 |
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øː Goethe [Ger.: a name] click for mp3 |
u douce [Fr: soft.] fou [Fr.: mad] click for mp3 |
ʏ |
y du [Fr.: of the] pur [Fr.: pure] click for mp3 |
yː grün [Ger.: green] click for mp3 |
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ɛ~ fin [Fr.: end] lin [Fr.: flax, linen] click for mp3 |
ɑ~ franc [Fr.: franc] clan [Fr.: clan] click for mp3 |
ɔ~ bon [Fr.: good] long [Fr.: long] click for mp3 |
œ~ un [Fr.: one] brun [Fr.: brown] click for mp3 |
ɛə |
|
ɔə boar saw click for mp3 |
aɪə fiery beer click for mp3 |
aʊə sour bower click for mp3 |
||
|
(r) her fur click for mp3 |
hw when whine click for mp3 |
ŋɡ finger banger click for mp3 |
ʎ seraglio [It.: menagerie] click for mp3 |
ɲ cognac [Fr.: brandy] gnôle [Fr.: hooch] click for mp3 |
|
x |
ç ich [Ger.: I] click for mp3 |
ɣ |
c baardmannetjie [Afrikans: scaley-feathered finch (Sporopipes squamifrons)] click for mp3 [8] |
ɥ huit [Fr.: eight] cuisine [Fr.: kitchen] click for mp3 |
[Note that phonetic symbols such as a or ʊ may be modernised to display as ɑ or u.]
How a consonant is articulated, or spoken, involves controlling and manipulating your breath leaving the mouth, using the lips, teeth, tongue and the interior of the mouth, as well as the speed and strength of the air flow.
Consonants are of two types, pulmonic and non-pulmonic, though most languages only include the pulmonic type. Pulmonic consonants are produced using pressurised air expelled (outward-going) from the lungs, while non-pulmonic consonants comprise ejective, implosive and click sounds. Ejective and implosive sounds use glottalic airflow, while clicks use velaric airflow.
Cross-section of the
human head, labelling components of the vocal tract